1 between()

The between() function acts similar to SQL’s BETWEEN clause¹, conditioning values between lower and upper limits.

The function has four parameters:

1. x, a vector;
2. low, a user-specified lower limit;
3. high, a user-specified upper limit; and
4. inclusive = TRUE, an input that determines whether the between() function will condition inclusive (if TRUE) of the specified limits or not (if FALSE).

A vector is returned by the function.

1.1 Vector Case

k <- 1:100
between(k, 5, 24)

##   [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE
##  [13]  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE
##  [25] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [37] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [49] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [61] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [73] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [85] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
##  [97] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE

1.2 Data Frame Case

subset(mtcars, between(mpg, 18, 21, inclusive = FALSE))

##                    mpg cyl  disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## Valiant           18.1   6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
## Merc 280          19.2   6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30  1  0    4    4
## Pontiac Firebird  19.2   8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05  0  0    3    2
## Ferrari Dino      19.7   6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50  0  1    5    6

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1. https://libguides.library.kent.edu/SPSS/RecodeVariables↩︎